伊斯蘭是正道﹐是正信﹐是信士的行為指南﹐伊斯蘭的信仰必須根據《古蘭經》和聖訓確立的定義。 《古蘭經》說﹕“只有這等人是信士﹔當記念真主的時候﹐他們的內心感到恐懼﹔當宣讀真主的跡象的時候﹐那些跡象增加了他們的信仰﹐他們只信任他們的主﹔他們謹守拜功﹐並分捨我所賜予他們的財物。 這等人是信士﹐他們將在主那裡得享許多品級﹑饒恕和優厚的給養。”(8﹕2-4)

　　這是十分明確的定義﹐不容置疑﹐更不容篡改﹐什麼“民族”﹑什麼“教派”﹑什麼“家族”﹐都不是伊斯蘭信士的根據﹐甚至是出於政治目的的騙人把戲。 信士的定義在《古蘭經》中有如此明確的經文﹐就是板上釘釘﹐確鑿無疑﹐正如伊斯蘭的一切教律﹐如五功﹐都是萬古長青永恆不變的真理。 真主保護這個正教﹐任何企圖篡改正道伊斯蘭的人﹐都是痴心妄想﹐一千四百年來沒有一個成功的先例。

　　穆斯林是伊斯蘭信士﹐不是桂冠﹑不是名義﹑不是一勞永逸的頭銜﹐而是紮根在實踐行為土壤中的大樹﹐根深葉茂﹐果實纍纍。 《古蘭經》說﹕“難道你們不知道真主有過這樣一個比喻嗎﹖ 一句良言﹐好比一顆優良的樹﹐其根柢是深固的﹐其枝條高聳入雲﹐憑主的許可﹐按時結果。 真主為眾人打了許多比方﹐以便他們記取教訓。”(14﹕24-25)

　　一顆“優良的樹”﹐就是不容猶豫的伊瑪尼﹐不存在模棱兩可的隱晦涵義﹐用個人的“伊巴代”長年累月的善行和功修﹐澆灌和培育的枝條茂盛和按時果實。 與其相反的是一顆“惡劣的樹”﹐《古蘭經》說﹕“一句惡言﹐恰似一顆惡劣的樹﹐從大地上連根拔去﹐絕沒有一點穩固。”(14﹕26) 常言道“百年樹人”﹐一個性格﹑一個品行﹑一個道德行為的形成﹐來自百年善功的修煉﹐而不是依靠家族的名義﹑民族的類別或一次宣誓。 用家族﹑民族或發誓偽裝信仰的人﹐必然是機會主義份子的投機取巧。

　　真信士造福於民﹐是民族的道德支柱﹐是穆斯林社會的光榮﹐也是眾人的幸福﹐“大樹底下好乘涼”﹐光耀照人﹐善及全社會。《古蘭經》說﹕“欲得光榮者﹐須知光榮全歸真主。 良言將為他所知﹐他昇起善行。 圖謀不軌者﹐將受嚴厲的刑罰﹔這些人的圖謀﹐是不能得逞的。”(35﹕10) 善有善報﹐惡有惡報﹔真主全知道﹐真主最公正。 偽信者﹑圖謀不軌﹑弄虛做假﹑投機取巧﹐不會得逞﹐而且必將受到嚴厲懲罰。

　　根據上述經文的理解﹐真信士是對真主的敬畏和崇拜﹐謹守拜功﹐施捨真主賜予的各種福利。 這是實際行動﹐一點一滴地長年積累﹐培育成枝繁葉茂的果樹﹐結出蜜汁欲滴的甜美果實。 這是信士的優點和俊美。

　　真信士來自優良的種子﹐俗話說“種瓜得瓜﹐種豆得豆”﹐伊斯蘭真理的標準只有一個﹕敬畏真主﹐服從先知穆聖。 《古蘭經》說﹕“信士﹐只是確信真主和使者﹐然後沒有懷疑﹐能以自己的財產和生命為主道而奮鬥的人﹔這等人﹐確是誠實的。”(49﹕15) 首先要播下優良的種子﹐然後才會萌發優良的幼苗﹐健康成長﹐結出甜美的果實。 自己播下惡劣種子的人﹐長出的必然是一顆惡劣的樹和果實。

　　當代世界上﹐有許多虛偽的人﹐陽奉陰違﹐口蜜腹劍。 他們當年曾經是迫害伊斯蘭信士的打手和屠夫﹐在真主考驗他們的時候﹐表現是內奸和叛徒。 今天看到舊世界大勢已去﹐伊斯蘭在全世界興旺了起來﹐便喬裝打扮成可憐蟲﹐說自己當年萬不得已﹐自己出生是回族家庭﹐上輩出過教長阿訇﹐當年雙手沾滿迫害信士的鮮血﹐但內心裡有過同情心。 對這樣的人﹐要特別提高警惕﹐靜觀其變﹐重在表現﹐直到他們真心悔過。 《古蘭經》說﹕“指你的主發誓﹐他們不信道﹐直到他們請你判決他們之間的紛爭﹐而他們的心裡對於你的判決毫無芥蒂﹐ 並且他們完全順服。”(4﹕65)

　　(阿里編譯自Between Belief and Worship by Amin Ahsan Islahi﹐Indian Muslim scholar﹔www islamonline net/English/Living_Shariah/Refinement0fTheH…﹐2007/04/28﹐伊光編譯)

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Comment by iktmc_aw@iktmc.edu.hk

I heard people said once in a while that "faith without good deeds is nothing/unbelief/hypocrite." It is not correct to say so.

According to the last paragraph of Bukhari 9.532b:

Narrated Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri:

... They [some people from Hell] will grow on its banks, as a seed carried by the torrent grows. You have noticed how it grows beside a rock or beside a tree, and how the side facing the sun is usually green while the side facing the shade is white. Those people will come out (of the River of Life) like pearls, and they will have (golden) necklaces, and then they will enter Paradise whereupon the people of Paradise will say, 'These are the people emancipated by the Beneficent. He [Allah] has admitted them into Paradise without them having done any good deeds and without sending forth any good (for themselves).' Then it will be said to them, 'For you is what you have seen and its equivalent as well.'

Bukhari 8.470 says even more clearly:

Narrated Abu Huraira:

Allah's Apostle said, "The deeds of anyone of you will not save you (from the (Hell) Fire." They said, "Even you (will not be saved by your deeds), O Allah's Apostle?" He said, "No, even I (will not be saved) unless and until Allah bestows His Mercy on me. Therefore, do good deeds properly, sincerely and moderately, and worship Allah in the forenoon and in the afternoon and during a part of the night, and always adopt a middle, moderate, regular course whereby you will reach your target (Paradise)."

A Muslim has faith but committed sins, according to Bukhari 9.542:

Narrated Anas:

The Prophet said, "Some people who will be scorched by Hell (Fire) as a punishment for sins they have committed, and then Allah will admit them into Paradise by the grant of His Mercy. These people will be called, 'Al-Jahannamiyyun' (the people of Hell)."

It is solely by Allah's mercy that we Muslims can enter Paradise. It is also true that if we are to stay in Hell for some period of time, the length will depend on how many good deeds we have, or how sinful we are. May Allah save us and forgive us!

I don't know which place Amin Ahsan Islahi is talking about, perhaps he is talking about his homeland India. He seems to mix up the non-pious Muslims with hypocrites. I am sorry that he may have been hurt by the hypocrites, but to say that "個人沒有善功﹐就是偽信" is not correct (Bukhari 7.313), though one may argue that such Muslims are close to hypocrisy (Bukhari 1.626). Hypocrites will not be saved from Hell fire, they will be even worse than the non-believer in Hell (Quran 4:145), and we should be careful when critizing other Muslims' faith (Muslim 118). Muslims will be saved from Hell fire, even if their faith will only have the weight of a grain of mustard seed (Bukhari 1.21).

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Bukhari 7.313

Narrated 'Urban bin Malik:

who attended the Badr battle and was from the Ansar, that he came to the Prophet and said, "O Allah's Apostle! I have lost my eyesight and I lead my people in the prayer (as an Imam). When it rains, the valley which is between me and my people, flows with water, and then I cannot go to their mosque to lead them in the prayer. O Allah's Apostle! I wish that you could come and pray in my house so that I may take it as a praying place." The Prophet said, "Allah willing, I will do that." The next morning, soon after the sun had risen, Allah's Apostle came with Abu Bakr. The Prophet asked for the permission to enter and I admitted him. The Prophet had not sat till he had entered the house and said to me, "Where do you like me to pray in your house?" I pointed at a place in my house whereupon he stood and said, "Allahu Akbar." We lined behind him and he prayed two Rakat and finished it with Taslim. We then requested him to stay for a special meal of Khazira which we had prepared. A large number of men from the adjoining area gathered in the house. One of them said, "Where is Malik bin Ad-Dukhshun?" Another man said, "He is a hypocrite and does not love Allah and His Apostle." The Prophet said, "Do not say so. Do you not think that he has said: "None has the right to be worshipped but Allah," seeking Allah's pleasure? The man said, "Allah and His Apostle know better, but we have always seen him mixing with hypocrites and giving them advice." The Prophet said, "Allah has forbidden the (Hell) Fire for those who testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, seeking Allah's pleasure."

Bukhari 1.626

Narrated Abu Huraira:

The Prophet said, "No prayer is harder for the hypocrites than the Fajr and the 'Isha' prayers and if they knew the reward for these prayers at their respective times, they would certainly present themselves (in the mosques) even if they had to crawl." The Prophet added, "Certainly I decided to order the Mu'adhdhin (call-maker) to pronounce Iqama and order a man to lead the prayer and then take a fire flame to burn all those who had not left their houses so far for the prayer along with their houses."

Quran 4:145

The Hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of the Fire: no helper wilt thou find for them;-

Muslim #118:

It is reported on the authority of Abu Dharr that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace and blessings be upon him) saying: No person who claimed knowingly anyone else as his father besides (his own) committed nothing but infidelity, and he who made a claim of anything, which (in fact) did not belong to him, is not amongst us; he should make his abode in Fire, and he who labeled anyone with unbelief or called him the enemy of Allah, and he was in fact not so, it rebounded on him.

Bukhari 1.21

Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri:

The Prophet said, "When the people of Paradise will enter Paradise and the people of Hell will go to Hell, Allah will order those who have had faith equal to the weight of a grain of mustard seed to be taken out from Hell. So they will be taken out but (by then) they will be blackened (charred). Then they will be put in the river of Haya' (rain) or Hayat (life) (the Narrator is in doubt as to which is the right term), and they will revive like a grain that grows near the bank of a flood channel. Don't you see that it comes out yellow and twisted"